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NLM Ada Lovelace Computational Health Lecture: Dynamic Genome Rearrangements in the Ciliate Oxytricha

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Air date: Tuesday, October 13, 2020, 11:00:00 AM
Time displayed is Eastern Time, Washington DC Local
Views: Total views: 122 (73 Live, 49 On-demand)
Category: Ada Lovelace
Runtime: 00:56:55
Description: The ciliate Oxytricha trifallax possesses a complex pair of genomes, and massive DNA rearrangements produce a highly fragmented but functional somatic macronucleus from a complex germline micronucleus. This process eliminates nearly all noncoding DNA, including transposons, and rearranges over 225,000 short DNA segments to produce a second genome containing thousands of gene-sized "nanochromosomes”. The mature, somatic genome contains over 17,000 nanochromosomes. Noncoding RNAs regulate the entire process of genome rearrangement. Millions of parental 27nt small RNAs provide the critical information to mark and protect the retained DNA segments of the genome. These and other processes illustrate the multifaceted ability of noncoding RNAs to transmit heritable information to the next generation.
NLM Title: Dynamic genome rearrangements in the ciliate Oxytricha / Laura Landweber.
Author: Landweber, Laura F.
National Library of Medicine (U.S.),
Publisher:
Abstract: (CIT): The ciliate Oxytricha trifallax possesses a complex pair of genomes, and massive DNA rearrangements produce a highly fragmented but functional somatic macronucleus from a complex germline micronucleus. This process eliminates nearly all noncoding DNA, including transposons, and rearranges over 225,000 short DNA segments to produce a second genome containing thousands of gene-sized "nanochromosomes". The mature, somatic genome contains over 17,000 nanochromosomes. Noncoding RNAs regulate the entire process of genome rearrangement. Millions of parental 27nt small RNAs provide the critical information to mark and protect the retained DNA segments of the genome. These and other processes illustrate the multifaceted ability of noncoding RNAs to transmit heritable information to the next generation.
Subjects: Genome, Protozoan--genetics
Genomics
Oxytricha--genetics
Publication Types: Lecture
Webcast
 
NLM Classification: QW 217
NLM ID: 101773035
CIT Live ID: 38902
Permanent link: https://videocast.nih.gov/watch=38902

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